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Ransomware. What is it and how do you get it?

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Imagine paying a ransom to access your own system.

It puts your system in lock down

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Ransomware is malicious software that encrypts the hard disk of the infected system. After an attack, the data can’t be accessed anymore– forever, or until you pay for a code to decrypt your own data again.

Ransomware represents a major threat to individuals and businesses alike. Within a few minutes after an attack, the system is rendered useless. Then it gets worse: Other devices in the same network are encrypted in no time, and monitors start turning black company-wide.

Beware of phishing scammers

Ransomware is often spread through phishing emails that contain malicious attachments or links. It’s also spread by software bundles called exploit kits, which can hide on web pages. These nifty packages identify vulnerabilities in your system and exploit them to install ransomware.

Did you know…?

  • Millions of systems have already been infected, but small businesses are particularly vulnerable.
  • Microsoft Office, Adobe PDF, and image files have been targeted most to date, but additional types of files will become targets as ransomware continues to evolve.
  • Cyber extortionists typically request payment in the form of Bitcoins or online payment voucher services, such as Ukash or Paysafecard.

It’s a lucrative business for hackers

There are a few dominant families of ransomware in existence. Each has its own variants and mutations surface daily. Here are some examples from the ransomware Hall of Fame:

  • NotPetya targeted dozens of businesses around the world and cost the American pharmaceutical giant Merck alone more than $310 million.
  • WannaCry is the most widely known ransomware across the globe. Ithas infected nearly 125,000 organizations in over 150 countries.
  • Jigsaw starts deleting files one after the other on an hourly basis.After 72 hours all remaining files are deleted.
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Here’s why reliable anti-ransomware is essential

If you are infected, all is not lost… actually, it is. Data can’t be recovered, unless you want to give in to hacker demands (and can afford to). In most cases buying new hardware is the only option or formatting or erasing the hard drive and starting over. It’s therefore essential to protect your data and hardware with a reputable anti-virus that offers powerful, fast-evolving anti-ransomware.

For comprehensive protection:

1. Install anti-virus/anti-malware software.

2. Be diligent about keeping that software updated

Why choose ransomware protection from Avira?

It’s part of our award-winning Avira Free Antivirus, so it’s technology you can truly trust for more than just ransomware protection and removal. Plus, it’s made in Germany and backed by our 30 years of expertise in protecting your digital world.

ALWAYS A STEP AHEAD:

Avira’s premium anti-ransomware detects behavioral clues and stops even unknown mutations before they attack. You can rest assured that your files won’t be altered, encrypted or deleted.

COMPREHENSIVE PROTECTION:

Our real-time antivirus protection blocks viruses, Trojans, worms, viruses, ransomware… in fact all types of malicious software.

STOPS PHISHING ATTACKS:

It blocks infected attachments and fake/malicious websites, so you’re not even tempted to click on them. In fact, we block over 8 million phishing attempts and 1.4 million ransomware attacks every month!

Enjoy a multi-award-winner

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What is adware?

Adware shows annoying or infected advertisements on your device without your permission and you get spammed with banners and pop-ups…

Learn more

What is malware and why is our Malware Scanner important?

Visiting websites and downloading files makes your computer or mobile device vulnerable to threats and attacks…

Learn more

What is phishing and why can it lead to ID theft?

Is that email from your bank? This technique uses deceptive emails and websites to gather personal information…

Learn more

What is spyware and why is it “watching”?

Spyware is a software that secretly monitors you and collects data about you, your device, and your online activities…

Learn more

Visual Studio Code has built-in support for editing style sheets in CSS .css, SCSS .scss and Less .less. In addition, you can install an extension for greater functionality.

Tip: Click on an extension tile above to read the description and reviews to decide which extension is best for you. See more in the Marketplace.

IntelliSense

VS Code has support for selectors, properties and values. Use ⌃Space (Windows, Linux Ctrl+Space) to get a list of context specific options.

Proposals contain extensive documentation, including a list of browsers that support the property. To see the full description text of the selected entry, use ⌃Space (Windows, Linux Ctrl+Space).

Syntax coloring & color preview

As you type, there is syntax highlighting as well as in context preview of colors.

Clicking on a color preview will launch the integrated color picker which supports configuration of hue, saturation and opacity.

Tip: You can trigger between different color modes by clicking on the color string at the top of the picker.

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You can hide VS Code's color previews by setting the following setting:

To just disable it for css, Less and SCSS, use

Folding

You can fold regions of source code using the folding icons on the gutter between line numbers and line start. Folding regions are available for all declarations (for example, rule declarations) and for multiline comments in the source code.

Additionally you can use the following region markers to define a folding region: /*#region*/ and /*#endregion*/ in CSS/SCSS/Less or // #region and // #endregion In SCSS/Less.

If you prefer to switch to indentation based folding for CSS, Less and SCSS, use:

Emmet snippets

Emmet abbreviation support is built into VS Code, suggestions are listed along with other suggestions and snippets in the editor auto-completion list.

Tip: See the CSS section of the Emmet cheat sheet for valid abbreviations.

VS Code also supports User Defined Snippets.

Syntax Verification & Linting

There is support for CSS version <= 2.1, Sass version <= 3.2 and Less version <= 2.3.

Note: You can disable VS Code's default CSS, Sass or Less validation by setting the corresponding .validate User or Workspace setting to false.

Go to Symbol in file

You can quickly navigate to the relevant CSS symbol in the current file by pressing ⇧⌘O (Windows, Linux Ctrl+Shift+O).

Hovers

Hovering over a selector or property will provide an HTML snippet that is matched by the CSS rule.

Go to Declaration and Find References

This is supported for Sass and Less variables in the same file. CSS variables per the draft standards proposal are also supported.

There is jump to definition for @import and url() links in CSS, SCSS and Less.

CSS custom data

You can extend VS Code's CSS support through a declarative custom data format. By setting css.customData to a list of JSON files following the custom data format, you can enhance VS Code's understanding of new CSS properties, at-directives, pseudo-classes and pesudo-elements. VS Code will then offer language support such as completion & hover information for the provided properties, at-directives, pseudo-classes and pesudo-elements.

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You can read more about using custom data in the vscode-custom-data repository.

Transpiling Sass and Less into CSS

VS Code can integrate with Sass and Less transpilers through our integrated task runner. We can use this to transpile .scss or .less files into .css files. Let's walk through transpiling a simple Sass/Less file.

Step 1: Install a Sass or Less transpiler

For this walkthrough, let's use either the node-sass or less Node.js module.

Note: If you don't have Node.js and the npm package manager already installed, you'll need to do so for this walkthrough. Install Node.js for your platform. The Node Package Manager (npm) is included in the Node.js distribution. You'll need to open a new terminal (command prompt) for npm to be on your PATH.

Step 2: Create a simple Sass or Less file

Open VS Code on an empty folder and create a styles.scss or styles.less file. Place the following code in that file:

For the Less version of the above file, just change $padding to @padding.

Note: This is a very simple example, which is why the source code is almost identical between both file types. In more advanced scenarios, the syntaxes and constructs will be much different.

Step 3: Create tasks.json

The next step is to set up the task configuration. To do this, run Terminal > Configure Tasks and click Create tasks.json file from templates. In the selection dialog that shows up, select Others.

This will create a sample tasks.json file in the workspace .vscode folder. The initial version of file has an example to run an arbitrary command. We will modify that configuration for transpiling Sass/Less instead:

Step 4: Run the Build Task

As this is the only command in the file, you can execute it by pressing ⇧⌘B (Windows, Linux Ctrl+Shift+B) (Run Build Task). The sample Sass/Less file should not have any compile problems, so by running the task all that happens is a corresponding styles.css file is created.

Since in more complex environments there can be more than one build task we prompt you to pick the task to execute after pressing ⇧⌘B (Windows, Linux Ctrl+Shift+B) (Run Build Task). In addition, we allow you to scan the output for compile problems (errors and warnings). Depending on the compiler, select an appropriate entry in the list to scan the tool output for errors and warnings. If you don't want to scan the output, select Never scan the build output from the presented list.

At this point, you should see an additional file show up in the file list styles.css.

If you want to make the task the default build task to run execute Configure Default Build Task from the global Terminal menu and select the corresponding Sass or Less task from the presented list.

Note: If your build fails or you see an error message such as 'An output directory must be specified when compiling a directory', be sure the filenames in your tasks.json match the filenames on disk. You can always test your build by running node-sass styles.scss styles.css from the command line.

Automating Sass/Less compilation

Let's take things a little further and automate Sass/Less compilation with VS Code. We can do so with the same task runner integration as before, but with a few modifications.

Step 1: Install Gulp and some plug-ins

We will use Gulp to create a task that will automate Sass/Less compilation. We will also use the gulp-sass plug-in to make things a little easier. The Less plug-in is gulp-less.

We need to install gulp both globally (-g switch) and locally:

Note:gulp-sass and gulp-less are Gulp plug-ins for the node-sass and lessc modules we were using before. There are many other Gulp Sass and Less plug-ins you can use, as well as plug-ins for Grunt.

You can test that your gulp installation was successful by typing gulp -v. You should see a version displayed for both the global (CLI) and local installations.

Step 2: Create a simple Gulp task

Open VS Code on the same folder from before (contains styles.scss/styles.less and tasks.json under the .vscode folder), and create gulpfile.js at the root.

Place the following code in the gulpfile.js file:

What is happening here?

  1. Our default gulp task first runs the sass or less task once when it starts up.
  2. It then watches for changes to any SCSS/Less file at the root of our workspace, for example the current folder open in VS Code.
  3. It takes the set of SCSS/Less files that have changed and runs them through our respective compiler, for example gulp-sass, gulp-less.
  4. We now have a set of CSS files, each named respectively after their original SCSS/Less file. We then put these files in the same directory.

Step 3: Run the gulp default task

To complete the tasks integration with VS Code, we will need to modify the task configuration from before to run the default Gulp task we just created. You can either delete the tasks.json file or empty it only keeping the 'version': '2.0.0' property. Now execute Run Task from the global Terminal menu. Observe that you are presented with a picker listing the tasks defined in the gulp file. Select gulp: default to start the task. We allow you to scan the output for compile problems. Depending on the compiler, select an appropriate entry in the list to scan the tool output for errors and warnings. If you don't want to scan the output, select Never scan the build output from the presented list. At this point, if you create and/or modify Less or SASS files, you see the respective CSS files generated and/or changes reflected on save. You can also enable Auto Save to make things even more streamlined.

If you want to make the gulp: default task the default build task executed when pressing ⇧⌘B (Windows, Linux Ctrl+Shift+B) run Configure Default Build Task from the global Terminal menu and select gulp: default from the presented list.

Step 4: Terminate the gulp default Task

The gulp: default task runs in the background and watches for file changes to Sass/Less files. If you want to stop the task, you can use the Terminate Task from the global Terminal menu.

Customizing CSS, SCSS and Less Settings

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You can configure the following lint warnings as User and Workspace Settings.

The validate setting allows you turn off the built-in validation. You would do this if you rather use a different linter.

IdDescriptionDefault
css.validateEnables or disables all css validationstrue
less.validateEnables or disables all less validationstrue
scss.validateEnables or disables all scss validationstrue

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To configure an option for CSS, use css.lint. as the prefix to the id; for SCSS and Less, use scss.lint. and less.lint..

Set a setting to warning or error if you want to enable lint checking, use ignore to disable it. Lint checks are performed as you type.

IdDescriptionDefault
validateEnables or disables all validationstrue
compatibleVendorPrefixesWhen using a property with a vendor-specific prefix (for example -webkit-transition), make sure to also include all other vendor-specific properties e.g. -moz-transition, -ms-transition and -o-transitionignore
vendorPrefixWhen using a property with a vendor-specific prefix for example -webkit-transition, make sure to also include the standard property if it exists e.g. transitionwarning
duplicatePropertiesWarn about duplicate properties in the same rulesetignore
emptyRulesWarn about empty rulesetswarning
importStatementWarn about using an import statement as import statements are loaded sequentially which has a negative impact on web page performanceignore
boxModelDo not use width or height when using padding or borderignore
universalSelectorWarn when using the universal selector * as it is known to be slow and should be avoidedignore
zeroUnitsWarn when having zero with a unit e.g. 0em as zero does not need a unit.ignore
fontFacePropertiesWarn when using @font-face rule without defining a src and font-family propertywarning
hexColorLengthWarn when using hex numbers that don't consist of three or six hex numberserror
argumentsInColorFunctionWarn when an invalid number of parameters in color functions e.g. rgberror
unknownPropertiesWarn when using an unknown propertywarning
ieHackWarn when using an IE hack *propertyName or _propertyNameignore
unknownVendorSpecificPropertiesWarn when using an unknown vendor-specific propertyignore
propertyIgnoredDueToDisplayWarn when using a property that is ignored due to the display. For example, with display: inline, the width, height, margin-top, margin-bottom, and float properties have no effect.warning
importantWarn when using !important as it is an indication that the specificity of the entire CSS has gotten out of control and needs to be refactored.ignore
floatWarn when using float as floats lead to fragile CSS that is easy to break if one aspect of the layout changes.ignore
idSelectorWarn when using selectors for an id #id as selectors should not contain IDs because these rules are too tightly coupled with the HTML.ignore

Next steps

Read on to find out about:

  • Configure Tasks - Dig into Tasks to help you transpile your SCSS and Less to CSS.
  • Basic Editing - Learn about the powerful VS Code editor.
  • Code Navigation - Move quickly through your source code.
  • HTML - CSS is just the start, HTML is also very well supported in VS Code.

Common questions

Does VS Code provide a color picker?

Yes, color picker has been added in version 1.15.

Is there support for the indentation based Sass syntax (.sass)?

No, but there are several extensions in the Marketplace supporting the indented flavor of Sass, for example, the sass-indented extension by Robin Bentley.

10/8/2020