This semester, I am taking a class on assembly programming using Kip Irvine’sbook “Assembly Language for Intel-Based Computers.” Unfortunately, the bookshould really be called “Assembly Language for Intel-Based WindowsComputers,” as it is written for Microsoft Macro Assembler (MASM). It mentionsthat the programs in the book could be converted to TASM assembly fairlyeasily, but they will not run out of the box.

I could run MASM on a Windows virtual machine, but that would be fairly heavyto have running whenever I want to work on assembly. Instead, I wanted to seeif I could run MASM with little overhead using Wine.It turns out that this is fairly easy to do!

SASM supports 4 working with assemblers - NASM, MASM, GAS and FASM in 2 modes - x64 and x86. You can choose mode in settings on 'Build' tab. Also there you can change assembler and linker options and choose programs for assembling and linking.

• Fasm Creative has nearly 30 years' experience designing and painting custom murals. We have painted murals in 5 countries, over 12 U.S. States and numerous California cities in locations ranging from churches, schools, businesses, homes, and public walls. If you are interested in beautifying the space at your location with a unique mural.
• MASM for x64 (ml64.exe); 3 minutes to read +1; In this article. Visual Studio includes both 32-bit and 64-bit hosted versions of Microsoft Assembler (MASM) to target x64 code.

Install Wine

Good instructions for installing Wine on Mac are availablehere. Instructions forUbuntu are available here. The installprocess for other distros should be fairly straightforward as well.

The TL;DR for intsalling on Mac is to install XQuartz and wine via homebrew:

brew install Caskroom/cask/xquartz wine

Create a new wineprefix

Commands executed using wine are executed in “Wine prefixes,” which arevirtual Windows environments of sorts. By default, the ~/.wine prefix isused; configuration for this environment is stored in ~/.wine/*.reg files,and the C: file tree is stored in ~/.wine/drive_c.

Fasm Macro

We could run MASM in the default wine prefix and it would work perfectlyfine. However, we will be setting Windows environment variables that couldpotentially interfere with other programs running on Wine. If you plan on usingWine for anything else, it is best to install MASM in its own Wine prefix. Youcan create a new prefix as follows:

Wine will initialize a new Windows file system tree at ~/wine-masm/drive_cand open a window for you to configure the system. The defaults are fine, soyou can close the Wine Configuration window that appears.

Download and extract MASM32

I downloaded MASM from http://www.masm32.com/. You can download and run theinstaller as follows:

The first steps of the installer are fairly self-explanatory:

After clicking OK, the installer starts assembling/linking some libraries andoutputs its progress in the terminal:

At one point, the installer asks if I want to overwrite msvcrt.exp. I’vetried it with both yes and no, and I don’t think it matters.

A dialog appears asking if you want to create a shortcut to the MASM editor:

We aren’t using the Windows desktop, and we probably won’t even be using theMASM editor (I much prefer Sublime or vim), so click No.

At the end, the MASM editor appears. You can close this, or check it out ifyou’re interested. You can always open it in the future by runningWINEPREFIX=~/wine-masm wine 'C:masm32qeditor.exe'.

At this point, the installation is complete, and you should be able to run theMASM assembler:

Download and extract Irvine’s files (optional)

If you are using Irvine’s textbook, you will want to download his example andinclude files. The files are available on his website athttp://www.kipirvine.com/asm/examples/index.htm. I am using the 5th editiontextbook, so I downloaded the files fromhttp://www.kipirvine.com/asm/examples/IrvineExamplesVS2008.zip:

Irvine provides some scripts that (quite irritatingly/inflexibly) expect thisdownload to be extracted to C:Irvine:

If you are using a newer edition of the book, the example files are packaged ina .msi installer. You can download/extract as follows:

Accept all the default options.

Set environment variables

We need to set the Windows PATH, INCLUDE, and LIB environment variables so thatwhen we are assmebling/linking, we can find the MASM binaries/includes/sharedlibraries more easily. To do this, open regedit:

Browse to HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Environment. Add a new string value (right clickthe right-hand pane, New > String Value) named PATH. Double click this newvalue and enter the following:

Also create an INCLUDE key with value C:masm32include;C:Irvine and aLIB key with value C:masm32lib;C:Irvine. (If you are just trying to runmasm on *nix and aren’t using Irvine’s book, then you can omit the C:Irvineparts of those keys.)

At this point, you can call masm without needing to specify full binary orinclude paths:

Write a bash function to easily assemble/link/run .asm files

At this point, we could be done. However, specifying all the masm flags canbecome a pain, and we could easily write a bash function to take care of this.In my ~/.bash_profile, I have the following:

Feel free to tweak this function as necessary.

Once you “reload” your bash profile (. ~/.bash_profile), you canassemble/link/run .asm files in one command:

Conclusion

Wine is really handy when it works – and it works quite well in this case,without any DLL overrides or fancy configuration or what not. We are able to runMASM and assembled binaries with little overhead, and we can use our host shellsand editors without needing any fancy tricks!

1. Mac Os X

   Contents

   1. Running the installer (on macOS or Linux)
   2. Advanced usage

The FSL software suite requires the X11 windowing system - please install XQuartz before continuing with the FSL installation. The FSL install script will warn you if it is unable to find X11 on your computer.

Yosemite (10.10)+Recent versions of macOS are known to have problems with FSLView, often after major OS updates have been applied, if you experience errors referencing '/usr/X11R6' try re-installing XQuartz and failing this try: sudo ln -s /opt/X11 /usr/X11R6 ; sudo ln -s /opt/X11 /usr/X11

A recent FSL 6.0.3 patch for macOS users may fail the checksum when downloaded. If this happens, or to avoid the download integrity check entirely you can use the -M option with the fslinstaller.py script. For example: python fslinstaller.py -M

We have created an installation video which gives an overview of the installation procedure on a Mac.

The fslinstaller.py script carries out the installation of FSL, configuring your environment to enable you to run FSL from a terminal window (e.g. (/Applications/Utilities/Terminal.app on macOS).

Administrative privileges may be required

Installation into certain folders on your computer (e.g. the default, /usr/local) may require administrative privileges. If this is the case, the installer will attempt to gain these privileges through the use of the sudo command, which will require you to enter your password for verification. If you don't have permission to use sudo (an administration account on macOS) then the installer will fail and will need to either install into a folder belonging to your user or to run the installer as the root user. Should you install as root see the configuring your account for FSL section for details on how to use the installer to setup your user account for FSL.

The installer requires access to the internet to be able to download the FSL software appropriate for your platform and runs from within a terminal session, so you need to open a terminal:

• Linux (Centos 7)

  • The Terminal application can be found in Applications > Utilities > Terminal menu

• macOS

  • The Terminal application can be found in /Applications/Utilities

In the terminal change to the folder containing the fslinstaller.py file and run it with python; assuming that you wish to install into /usr/local (the default) then just press the Return key when the installer asks where to install to. For example if you downloaded to your Downloads folder:

The installer requires python 2.x to run which is the default on macOS and Centos 6 & 7, if you have installed python version 3 and made it the default when you run python then you will need to run it with a python 2 version, you can often find this as:

• /usr/bin/python
• python27
• python2.7
• python26
• python2.6

Once the install completes Linux users should log out (System (top right icon) > Log out) and log back in to complete the FSL setup. If you are accessing the Linux computer via a remote SSH session then close the SSH session and re-login. Apple macOS users should open a new terminal window to begin using FSL.

if you use Mathworks' MATLAB it will configure your startup.m file to allow you to use the FSL MATLAB functions and on macOS platforms it will also install FSLEyes and FSLView into /Applications.

Advanced Options

The installer has some advanced options which, amongst other things, allows you to:

• customise the FSL installation location.
• automate the FSL installation - this is useful if you would like to call the installer from an automated script.

Type python fslinstaller.py -h for a list of all available options.

Test that the environment and command line tools are set up correctly by doing the following:

• Start a new Terminal session (File > Open Terminal under Linux/Gnome, Shell > New Window on macOS)

• Check that your environment is correct by typing: This should display the name of the directory that you installed FSL in.
• Check that your path is correct by typing: which should display a line like: (although the version number might be different).
• Check that the miniconda environment installation completed successfully:
  • which should display a line like:

  If the imcp command cannot be found, this suggests that the FSL miniconda environment was not installed correctly - see the section titled Commands missing after installation on the main FSL installation page.

In general, to run the FSL tools from the command line (within a terminal) you need to enter the program name in lower case (e.g. bet). Typing a command on its own (without any arguments or options) gives you a help message for that command.

A more complete test of the FSL installation can be run, if desired, by using the testing and evaluation suite FEEDS.

Fasm Mac

To run a GUI version of a program you can either type its capitalised name with an additional '_gui' appended in the terminal (e.g. Bet_gui), or you can start the main FSL GUI by just typing fsl.

If this doesn't work the see the FAQ for how to go about fixing this, otherwise you are ready to run FSL.

Using FSL from MATLAB

On macOS, the fslinstaller script will usually set this up for you so you should not need to do this. However, if the installer cannot configure MATLAB for some reason you may need to do this by hand.

Nasm For Mac

FSL ships with several MATLAB scripts for loading NIFTI files. These libraries are dependent on FSL environment variables which may not be set when you start up MATLAB from your desktop environment. You can configure MATLAB to be FSL-aware by adding the following to your ~/Documents/MATLAB/startup.m file (create it if it doesn't already exist):